Pyridine sulfonamide as a small key organic molecule for the potential treatment of type-II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease: In vitro studies against yeast α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase and butyrylcholinesterase

Bioorg Chem. 2015 Dec:63:64-71. doi: 10.1016/j.bioorg.2015.09.008. Epub 2015 Sep 30.

Abstract

This paper presents the efficient high yield synthesis of novel pyridine 2,4,6-tricarbohydrazide derivatives (4a-4i) along with their α-glucosidase, acetylcholinesterase (AChE) and butyrylcholinesterase (BChE) inhibition activities. The enzymes inhibition results showed the potential of synthesized compounds in controlling both type-II diabetes mellitus and Alzheimer's disease. In vitro biological investigations revealed that most of compounds were more active against yeast α-glucosidase than the reference compound acarbose (IC50 38.25±0.12μM). Among the tested series the compound 4c bearing 4-flouro benzyl group was noted to be the most active (IC50 25.6±0.2μM) against α-glucosidase, and it displayed weak inhibition activities against AChE and BChE. Compound 4a exhibited the most desired results against all three enzymes, as it was significantly active against all the three enzymes; α-glucosidase (IC50 32.2±0.3μM), AChE (IC50 50.2±0.8μM) and BChE (IC50 43.8±0.8μM). Due to the most favorable activity of 4a against the tested enzymes, for molecular modeling studies this compound was selected to investigate its pattern of interaction with α-glucosidase and AChE targets.

Keywords: AChE; Alzheimer’s disease; BChE; Diabetes mellitus type-II; Pyridine derivatives; α-glucosidase.

Publication types

  • Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't

MeSH terms

  • Acetylcholinesterase / metabolism*
  • Alzheimer Disease / drug therapy*
  • Alzheimer Disease / enzymology
  • Butyrylcholinesterase / metabolism*
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / drug therapy*
  • Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 / enzymology
  • Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / chemical synthesis
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / chemistry
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors / pharmacology*
  • Humans
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemical synthesis
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / chemistry
  • Hypoglycemic Agents / pharmacology
  • Molecular Docking Simulation
  • Molecular Structure
  • Pyridines / chemical synthesis
  • Pyridines / chemistry
  • Pyridines / pharmacology*
  • Saccharomyces cerevisiae / enzymology
  • Structure-Activity Relationship
  • Sulfonamides / chemical synthesis
  • Sulfonamides / chemistry
  • Sulfonamides / pharmacology*
  • alpha-Glucosidases / metabolism*

Substances

  • Cholinesterase Inhibitors
  • Glycoside Hydrolase Inhibitors
  • Hypoglycemic Agents
  • Pyridines
  • Sulfonamides
  • pyridine sulfonamide
  • Acetylcholinesterase
  • Butyrylcholinesterase
  • alpha-Glucosidases